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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

Olfactory evolution: mice rethink stink.

Marcus Stensmyr1, Florian Maderspacher

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany. mstensmyr@ice.mpg.de

Current Biology : CB
|January 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animals communicate using chemical signals, but their origins are unclear. This study reveals how a metabolic byproduct evolved into a significant communication signal, shedding light on chemical communication evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical ecology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Animals utilize diverse chemical signals for communication.
  • The evolutionary pathways and origins of these signals remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of a specific animal communication signal.
  • To trace the evolutionary trajectory of a signal's behavioral significance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of metabolic pathways to identify potential signaling molecules.
  • Behavioral assays to assess the functional role of the identified signal.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to understand the evolution of signal usage.

Main Results:

  • A metabolic byproduct was identified as the source of a communication signal.
  • The signal's behavioral significance was shown to have evolved over time.
  • Evidence suggests a co-evolutionary process between the signal and its perception.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic processes can be a source of novel communication signals.
  • The evolution of signal function is a dynamic process.
  • Understanding signal origins provides insights into the evolution of animal communication.