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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Immunological Memory

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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.

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Related Experiment Video

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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Immune priming: mothering males modulate immunity.

M Cristina Keightley1, Bob B M Wong, Graham J Lieschke

  • 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Current Biology : CB
|January 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

In a unique pipefish species, fathers actively transfer immunity to offspring. This contrasts with most animals where only mothers provide significant immune protection.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
09:09

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

Published on: August 17, 2022

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

Published on: March 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Maternal transfer of immunity is common in animals.
  • Paternal immune contribution is typically minimal.
  • Sex-role reversal in reproduction alters parental roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate paternal immune transfer in a sex-role reversed species.
  • To understand the role of fathers in offspring immunity in pipefish.
  • To compare paternal immune contribution with maternal contribution.

Main Methods:

  • Studied immune priming in pipefish offspring.
  • Analyzed paternal contribution to offspring immunity.
  • Compared immune transfer in sex-role reversed pipefish.

Main Results:

  • Fathers in this pipefish species provide a significant immune priming contribution.
  • Paternal immune transfer is crucial in this species.
  • Offspring benefit from both maternal and paternal immune priming.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal immune transfer can be substantial in species with reversed parental roles.
  • Sex-role reversal in pipefish leads to dual parental immune investment.
  • This finding challenges traditional views on parental immunity.