Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 14, 2026
23:06
The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in children: a systematic review
Courtney M Yuen1, Arielle W Tolman, Ted Cohen
1Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 26, 2013
Summary
Isoniazid resistance is a significant challenge in treating pediatric tuberculosis. A systematic review found a median of 8% of children with tuberculosis had isoniazid-resistant strains, indicating treatment issues.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Public Health
Background:
- Isoniazid resistance complicates tuberculosis treatment and latent infection management in children.
- Understanding the prevalence of isoniazid resistance is crucial for effective pediatric tuberculosis control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and summarize the literature on the risk of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in children with active tuberculosis disease.
- To assess the scope of isoniazid resistance in pediatric tuberculosis cases globally.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases.
- Searches were performed up to January 12, 2012, identifying studies on children with tuberculosis whose isolates were tested for isoniazid susceptibility.
- 95 studies evaluating 8351 children met the inclusion criteria.
Main Results:
- The median proportion of children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis strains was 8%.
- The distribution of resistance was right-skewed, with a 75th percentile of 18%, indicating significant variability.
- This highlights a substantial burden of isoniazid resistance in pediatric populations.
Conclusions:
- High rates of isoniazid resistance in pediatric tuberculosis patients suggest current diagnostics and treatments may be inadequate.
- Many children may receive ineffective empirical isoniazid-based treatment for tuberculosis or latent infection.
- Urgent research is needed to develop effective regimens and understand the full scope of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in children.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
01:26Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
01:24Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
01:23Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...