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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Sample heating system for spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy.

Teruo Kohashi1, Kumi Motai

  • 1Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.

Microscopy (Oxford, England)
|January 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new sample-heating system enables microscopic magnetization analysis up to 500°C using spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM). This system maintains ultra-high vacuum and was used to observe magnetic domain structure changes in cobalt at high temperatures.

Keywords:
CoSEMhigh temperaturemagnetic domainsecondary electronsspin

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM) is crucial for analyzing magnetic properties.
  • High-temperature analysis is essential for understanding material behavior under thermal stress.
  • Existing systems may face limitations in maintaining vacuum conditions at elevated temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel sample-heating system for spin SEM.
  • To enable microscopic magnetization analysis at temperatures up to 500°C.
  • To investigate high-temperature magnetic domain structures and phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a compact ceramic heater integrated into a spin SEM setup.
  • Implementation of a preheating operation to preserve ultra-high vacuum during heating.
  • Modification of the secondary-electron collector to withstand high temperatures.
  • Heating of a Co(1000) single-crystal sample from room temperature to 500°C.

Main Results:

  • The developed system successfully operated up to 500°C while maintaining ultra-high vacuum.
  • Magnetic-domain structures of a Co(1000) sample were observed at various temperatures.
  • Significant changes in domain structures were detected around 220°C and 400°C.

Conclusions:

  • The new heating system is effective for high-temperature spin SEM analysis.
  • Observed domain structure changes indicate phase transitions in the Co(1000) sample.
  • This technology opens new avenues for studying temperature-dependent magnetic phenomena.