[The development of specialized hospital care to children of early age]

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Childhood morbidity and mortality are significant public health concerns.
• Understanding disease patterns in hospitalized children is crucial for targeted interventions.
• Data from the Republic of Dagestan provides a specific regional context for pediatric health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the structure and characteristics of diseases in hospitalized children aged 0-3 years.
• To determine morbidity rates for infants and newborns in the Republic of Dagestan.
• To investigate the leading causes of hospitalization and hospital lethality in early childhood.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of medical records from the Republican Children Clinical Hospital.
• Inclusion of 17,368 cases of hospitalized children aged 0-3 years from 2009-2010.
• Calculation of morbidity rates per 1,000 children and analysis of disease structures and lethality.

Main Results:

• Morbidity rate for children under one year was 2258.6 per 1,000.
• Newborn morbidity rate was 290 per 1,000, slightly higher in urban (295) than rural (272.3) areas.
• Leading causes of hospitalization: perinatal conditions (40.4%), respiratory diseases (18.1%), inherited malformations (15.3%), and neoplasms (6.8%).
• Hospital lethality was highest in the first year of life (88.9%).

Conclusions:

• Perinatal conditions and respiratory diseases are major contributors to early childhood morbidity and mortality in Dagestan.
• Infants in their first year of life represent the most vulnerable group, requiring focused healthcare strategies.
• Regional disparities in newborn morbidity warrant further investigation and tailored public health approaches.