Nitrate biosynthesis in rats, ferrets and humans. Precursor studies with L-arginine

L-Arginine, the primary nitrogen source for nitric oxide synthesized by many cell types in culture and for biosynthesized nitrate in humans, is also a nitrogen source for biosynthesized nitrate in rats and ferrets. After administration of [15N2]L-arginine to rats and ferrets, [15N]NO3- was detected in urine. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide induced more than a 10-fold increase in urinary nitrate in rats and a parallel increase in incorporation of 15N from [15N2]L-arginine into NO3-. Bradykinin, a vasodilator which induces nitric oxide production by endothelial cells in vitro, lacked detectable effect on urinary nitrate or on incorporation of L-arginine nitrogen into nitrate in rats. A prolonged period of vasodilation brought on by an extended period of exercise increased urinary nitrate 2-fold in human subjects. In the rat, recoveries in 24 h post-dose urine collections of [15N]NO3- given i.v. and i.p. were 75 and 64% respectively, while in the ferret, recoveries of i.v. and per os [15N]NO3- doses were 49 and 34% respectively. Thus, nitrate synthesized by mammalian cells in vivo would undergo losses similar to those for exogenous nitrate.