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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
Arithmetic Sequences01:30

Arithmetic Sequences

An arithmetic sequence is a structured arrangement of numbers where each term is derived by adding a constant value, known as the common difference, to the previous term. This consistent pattern allows for the efficient computation of any term within the sequence as well as the cumulative sum of multiple terms. The formula for finding the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is:Here, aₙ represents the nth term of the sequence, a is the first term, d is the common difference, and n is the term...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Rate and Order of Reaction01:15

Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Rate and Order of Reaction

In pharmacokinetics, the rates and order of reactions play a crucial role in understanding how the body processes drugs and help us comprehend drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. A critical concept in pharmacokinetics is the rate constant, which quantifies the speed of a reaction. It provides valuable information about the kinetics of drug elimination. The rate constant allows us to determine the rate at which drugs are eliminated from the body.
Pharmacokinetic reactions...
Rate Law and Reaction Order02:33

Rate Law and Reaction Order

The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
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[A] and [B] represent the molar concentrations of reactants, and k is the rate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

When order matters: last-come first-served effect in sequential arithmetic operations.

Ariel Zylberberg1, Juan E Kamienkowski, Andres R Farall

  • 1Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Physics Department, FCEyN UBA and IFIBA, Conicet, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. arielz@df.uba.ar

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive psychology experiments show that processing speed and number format influence how we handle sequential information. Fast or non-symbolic math tasks prioritize the last number, unlike slower, symbolic tasks.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Cognition
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Dual-task interference experiments reveal limitations in conscious processing.
  • Attentional Blink (AB) and Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigms demonstrate first-come, first-served processing.
  • Understanding multi-step cognition requires examining sequential information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transition from dual-task to multi-step cognitive processes.
  • To explore how number notation and presentation speed affect the processing of sequential arithmetic addends.
  • To determine the relative weight of individual addends in sequential calculations under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A sequential arithmetic task was designed to manipulate number notation (symbolic/non-symbolic) and presentation speed.
  • Participants performed calculations with independently varied addend presentation parameters.
  • The reliance on individual addends was analyzed based on presentation speed and notation type.

Main Results:

  • In slow, symbolic notation tasks, all addends contributed relatively equally to the decision.
  • For fast presentation or non-symbolic notation, decisions relied almost exclusively on the final addend.
  • This indicates a shift from first-come, first-served to last-come, first-served processing.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive processing of sequential stimuli can shift from first-come, first-served to last-come, first-served policies.
  • Stimulus streams may be chunked into events, with later stimuli potentially overriding earlier ones in sensory buffers.
  • Presentation speed and notation format are critical factors influencing cognitive resource allocation in sequential tasks.