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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

Published on: July 28, 2008

Electrochemistry in an acoustically levitated drop.

Edward T Chainani¹, Khanh T Ngo, Alexander Scheeline

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

Analytical Chemistry

|January 29, 2013

Summary

Acoustically levitated drops serve as novel microreactors. Researchers developed amperometric detection within these drops, enabling precise electrochemical monitoring and reactant addition for advanced chemical analysis.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Microfluidics
Acoustic Levitation

Background:

Levitated drops offer advantages as microreactors by minimizing solid/liquid interfaces, thus avoiding adsorption and interfacial reactions common in conventional microfluidics.
Radicals, when present as reactants or products, highlight the potential of levitated drops as microreactors.

Purpose of the Study:

To report amperometric detection in an acoustically levitated drop.
To develop a method for simultaneous ballistic addition of reactants into a levitated drop.
To demonstrate electrochemical monitoring within a levitated drop using a microfabricated electrode.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a gold microelectrode sensor using a lithographic process with a photosensitive polyimide mask.
Characterization of a microdisk gold working electrode (radius 19 μm) using ferrocenemethanol in aqueous buffer.
Estimation of electrochemically active surface area using cyclic voltammetry, a recessed microdisk electrode model, and the Randles-Sevcik equation.
Development of computer-controlled ballistic introduction of reactant droplets into the levitated drop.
Chronoamperometric measurements of ferrocyanide added ballistically to demonstrate electrochemical monitoring.

Main Results:

Successful electrochemical monitoring within a levitated drop was demonstrated using chronoamperometric measurements.
Drop evaporation leads to predictable concentration increases, modeled linearly.
Acoustic levitation induces convection, enhancing diffusion-limited current by approximately 16% compared to pendant drops.

Conclusions:

Acoustically levitated drops are viable platforms for electrochemical analysis.
The developed ballistic addition technique allows for controlled reactant delivery in levitated microreactors.
Acoustic levitation enhances electrochemical reaction rates through induced convection.