New and future resuscitation fluids for trauma patients using hemoglobin and hypertonic saline

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) and hypertonic saline solutions (HSS) are used for resuscitation of trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. In this review, the clinical application, dosing, administration, and side effects of these solutions are discussed. Although HBOC and HSS are not ideal resuscitation fluids, until rapidly thawed universal donor frozen blood and blood component therapy becomes widely available in North America, these fluids should to be considered immediately after injury and throughout the spectrum of care for patients with hemorrhagic shock, until blood and blood components become available.