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Estimated soil ingestion by children.

J H van Wijnen1, P Clausing, B Brunekreef

  • 1Section of Public Health and Environment, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Environmental Research
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Young children ingest soil, with estimates varying by environment and weather. Soil ingestion levels are best represented by group data for health risk assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Toxicology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Soil ingestion is a significant exposure route for young children.
  • Accurate quantification of soil intake is crucial for health risk assessments.
  • Previous methods for estimating soil ingestion have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate soil ingestion in young children across different environments.
  • To identify factors influencing soil ingestion.
  • To evaluate the suitability of individual vs. group data for risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the limiting tracer method (LTM) using titanium, aluminum, and acid-insoluble residue.
  • Collected fecal samples from children in day-care centers, campgrounds, and hospitals.

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  • Corrected LTM values using a control group of hospitalized children.

    • Main Results:

    • Estimated soil intake varied: 0-90 mg/day (day-care) and 30-200 mg/day (campgrounds).
    • Higher soil ingestion was correlated with dry weather, particularly in younger children.
    • Individual soil ingestion measurements showed low predictive value over time.

    Conclusions:

    • Group statistics provide a more reliable estimate of soil ingestion for health risk assessments.
    • Environmental factors like weather significantly influence soil ingestion in children.
    • The limiting tracer method offers a viable approach for quantifying soil intake.