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Updated: May 14, 2026
07:10
Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Published on: March 6, 2026
Distal biceps and triceps ruptures
Zinon T Kokkalis1, Efstathios G Ballas1, Andreas F Mavrogenis1
1Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research & Education Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Injury
|January 29, 2013
Summary
Biceps and triceps tendon ruptures are uncommon, often diagnosed clinically. Treatment varies from surgery for complete tears to nonoperative options for partial tears, with rehabilitation crucial for outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Sports Medicine
- Musculoskeletal Imaging
Background:
- Biceps and triceps tendon ruptures are infrequent injuries.
- Clinical diagnosis is common, with MRI aiding in tear differentiation and degeneration assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and management of biceps and triceps tendon ruptures.
- To present a preferred technique for anatomical repair of acute complete ruptures.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on tendon rupture diagnosis and treatment.
- Discussion of surgical and nonoperative management strategies.
- Analysis of different surgical fixation methods and their associated complications.
Main Results:
- Surgical repair is standard for acute complete ruptures; nonoperative treatment suits partial tears or surgical contraindications.
- Single incision techniques risk nerve injury; double incision techniques may lead to heterotopic ossification.
- No single fixation method is definitively superior; rehabilitation is key.
Conclusions:
- Management depends on tear severity and patient factors.
- Careful surgical technique and robust rehabilitation are vital for optimal patient outcomes.
- Further research may clarify optimal fixation strategies.
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