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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
13:13

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 23, 2014

Braveheart, a long noncoding RNA required for cardiovascular lineage commitment.

Carla A Klattenhoff1, Johanna C Scheuermann, Lauren E Surface

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Cell
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Braveheart (Bvht), a novel long noncoding RNA, is crucial for establishing the cardiovascular lineage. This heart-associated lncRNA guides embryonic stem cell differentiation toward cardiac fate and regulates key developmental genes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
13:13

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in development, but their function in lineage commitment is largely unknown.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular development is critical for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel lncRNAs involved in cardiovascular lineage commitment.
  • To elucidate the function of the heart-associated lncRNA Braveheart (Bvht) in mammalian heart development.

Main Methods:

  • Embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation assays.
  • Gene expression analysis (qRT-PCR, RNA-seq).
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to assess epigenetic modifications.
  • Interaction studies with SUZ12 and MesP1.

Main Results:

  • Bvht is essential for the differentiation of mesoderm into cardiac lineages.
  • Bvht regulates a core cardiovascular gene network and acts upstream of MesP1.
  • Bvht interacts with SUZ12, a component of PRC2, suggesting a role in epigenetic regulation.
  • Bvht is also involved in maintaining cardiac fate in neonatal cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Braveheart (Bvht) is a critical long noncoding RNA for cardiovascular lineage establishment during mammalian development.
  • Bvht functions through epigenetic mechanisms involving PRC2 to regulate cardiac commitment.
  • This study highlights the importance of lncRNAs in developmental processes and provides a novel target for cardiac research.