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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium01:25

Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium

Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella, which use...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
08:21

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Defluoridation of drinking water using adsorption processes.

Paripurnanda Loganathan1, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, Jaya Kandasamy

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Excessive fluoride (F) in drinking water is a global health risk. Adsorption is an effective defluoridation method, but research is needed for better, reusable adsorbents.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Excessive fluoride intake from drinking water poses a significant global health hazard.
  • Defluoridation of drinking water is crucial for public health.
  • Adsorption is a preferred method for fluoride removal due to its efficiency and simplicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review various adsorbents used for fluoride removal from water.
  • To analyze the effectiveness, mechanisms, and thermodynamics of fluoride adsorption.
  • To provide insights into adsorbent selection and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of fluoride adsorption studies.
  • Analysis of factors influencing adsorption: pH, temperature, kinetics, and co-existing ions.
  • Evaluation of adsorbent regeneration and reusability.

Main Results:

  • Adsorption effectiveness varies significantly among different adsorbents.
  • Optimal adsorption occurs within specific pH ranges; regeneration often uses acids or alkalis.
  • Repeated regeneration typically leads to a decrease in adsorbent capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Adsorption is a viable technology for fluoride removal, but challenges remain in adsorbent regeneration and long-term performance.
  • Future research should focus on developing cost-effective, highly efficient adsorbents with stable reusability and good hydraulic properties.
  • Optimizing fixed-bed treatment processes requires adsorbents that resist clogging.