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Making three-dimensional Monson's sphere using virtual dental models.

Shin-Eun Nam1, Young-Seok Park, WooCheol Lee

  • 1Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28-22 Yunkeun-Dong, Chongro-Ku, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Dentistry
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study created 3-D models of Monson's sphere and Wilson's curve using virtual dental data. The findings offer new insights for dental reconstructions and orthodontic treatments, with a larger Monson's sphere radius observed in Korean subjects.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Anatomy
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • 3D Imaging Technology

Background:

  • Monson's sphere and Wilson's curve are crucial references in prosthodontics and orthodontics.
  • Accurate 3D quantification of these curves is essential for precise dental reconstructions.
  • Previous methods lacked the precision offered by virtual modeling and custom software.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and measure the three-dimensional (3-D) Monson's sphere and curve of Wilson.
  • To utilize virtual dental models and custom software for precise anatomical measurements.
  • To establish a quantitative basis for these curves in prosthetic and orthodontic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning of 79 Korean adults' mandibular dental casts to create virtual 3-D models.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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  • Digitization of 26 landmarks using custom software for detailed analysis.
  • Application of a least-squares method to fit a sphere to cusp tips, defining Monson's sphere and generating Wilson's curve.

    • Main Results:

    • The mean radius of Monson's sphere was determined to be 110.89 ± 25.75 mm.
    • Significant sex-based differences (p<0.01) were found in all measurements.
    • Cusp number variations in premolars and molars did not significantly affect occlusal curvature (p>0.05).

    Conclusions:

    • A novel algorithm for generating 3-D Monson's sphere from virtual dental models was developed.
    • The measured radius of Monson's sphere in Korean subjects exceeded Monson's original four-inch estimate.
    • These findings provide valuable data for enhancing prosthetic reconstruction and orthodontic treatment outcomes.