Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Red blood cell alloantibodies dictating solid organ transplant decisions: Two case reports.

Asian journal of transfusion science·2026
Same author

Peripheral refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes: <i>in vitro</i> evaluation and optical simulation.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Crystalline Lens Shape During Accommodation in Children.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

Advancing Cancer Research in Resource-Limited Settings: Perspectives from Emerging Voices across Continents.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same author

Principles of a Non-orthogonal Optical Surface with Potential for Correction of Irregular Astigmatism.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

Nasotemporal Asymmetry in Ocular Biometry as a Biomarker for Myopia Progression in Chinese Children.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Comparison of neutralization and disinfection kinetics in povidone iodine- and hydrogen peroxide-based soft contact lens care solutions.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Agreement between ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer metrics from widefield optical coherence tomography and Goldmann II, III, and V in glaucoma.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Repeatability of SpotChecks contrast sensitivity test in macular disease.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Reflections on emerging therapies for inherited retinal diseases following a community education event: A qualitative exploration.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Optical myopia control interventions: Evaluation of methods and success in a real-world population.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Influence of corneal endothelial cell density after penetrating keratoplasty on contact lens induced corneal swelling.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

Peripheral refraction patterns out to large field angles.

Ankit Mathur1, David A Atchison

  • 1School of Optometry and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia. a.mathur@qut.edu.au

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral hyperopic shifts and astigmatism were studied in the horizontal visual field. Findings suggest that peripheral refractive patterns beyond 40 degrees unlikely contribute to myopia development.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses
06:55

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

Published on: June 6, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses
06:55

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

Published on: June 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Visual Science

Background:

  • Refractive error development, particularly myopia, is a significant concern in visual science.
  • Relative peripheral hypermetropia is a hypothesized precursor to myopia progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hyperopic shifts and astigmatism components at large angles in the horizontal visual field.
  • To utilize the Hartmann-Shack technique for precise peripheral refraction measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants (hypermetropes, emmetropes, myopes) underwent dilated eye examinations.
  • Peripheral refraction was measured using a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer across ±60 degrees horizontally.
  • Refraction components (spherical, astigmatic, oblique) were analyzed based on elliptical pupils.

Main Results:

  • A combined Type IV/I refractive pattern was observed in 30% of eyes, particularly emmetropes.
  • This pattern involves relative hypermetropia in vertical and horizontal meridians at peripheral angles.
  • No significant group variation in oblique astigmatism was found, though individual slopes varied.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalent Type IV/I pattern in emmetropes challenges the notion that peripheral hypermetropia drives myopia.
  • Peripheral refraction beyond 40 degrees from fixation may not be a primary factor in myopia development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of peripheral optics in refractive error progression.