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Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...

Trachea

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway

The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway

Published on: June 6, 2020

Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation for postintubation tracheal stenosis.

Woong Hee Lee¹, Jin Hyoung Kim, Jung-Hun Park

¹Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology

|January 29, 2013

Summary

Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment for postintubation tracheal stenosis. While symptoms may recur, repeat procedures and other therapies offer long-term relief for most patients.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Interventional Pulmonology
Medical Devices

Background:

Postintubation tracheal stenosis is a known complication of mechanical ventilation.
Limited data exists on the long-term outcomes of fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation for this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation in patients with postintubation tracheal stenosis.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 14 patients who underwent fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation for postintubation tracheal stenosis between 2000 and 2010.
Assessment of technical success, clinical success, complications, and symptom recurrence during long-term follow-up.

Main Results:

The procedure was technically and clinically successful in all patients with no major complications.
Initially, 43% of patients remained asymptomatic; 57% experienced recurrence within 6 months.
Long-term follow-up (mean 74 months) showed symptom relief in 71% of patients, with some requiring repeat procedures.

Conclusions:

Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation is a safe, easily performed, and effective treatment option for postintubation tracheal stenosis.
Repeat interventions can lead to sustained symptom relief in a significant proportion of patients.