Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where...
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal changes in mechanical pin prick sensitivity following high frequency induced sensitisation of central nociceptive pathways: A test re-test reliability study.

The journal of pain·2026
Same author

Unilateral online ultrasound stimulation of early visual cortex suppresses responses to contralateral visual stimuli.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

ARTEM-IS for ERP: Agreed Reporting Template for EEG Methodology-International Standard for Event-Related Potential Experiments.

Psychophysiology·2025
Same author

Exploring the Feasibility of Bidirectional Control of Beta Oscillatory Power in Healthy Controls as a Potential Intervention for Parkinson's Disease Movement Impairment.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research.

Nature human behaviour·2024
Same author

Anterior N2 enhancement is not a general electrophysiological index of concealed information.

Psychophysiology·2024
Same journal

Vowel acoustic parameters in speech assessment and rehabilitation of minimally verbal and speech-motor-impaired autistic children: a narrative review.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Toward clinical translation of TMS-EEG: an integrative review of multidimensional neurophysiological measures.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The causal efficacy of consciousness: a neuroscientific analysis and explanation.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Temporal-oscillatory entrainment: a multi-timescale framework for rhythmic coordination from neural to social frequencies.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Role of AQP4 in ameliorating heat stress-induced cellular injury in a cell line model through active heat acclimation.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Correction: Cognitive state monitoring for neuroadaptive information visualization.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Concealed semantic and episodic autobiographical memory electrified.

Giorgio Ganis1, Haline E Schendan

  • 1School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, University of Plymouth Plymouth, UK ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown, MA, USA ; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study differentiates between semantic and episodic memory in concealed information tests (CIT) using electrophysiology. Findings reveal distinct brain responses for each memory type, crucial for improving CIT accuracy.

Keywords:
ERPs (event-related potentials)concealed informationdeceptiondeception detectionepisodic memorysemantic memory

More Related Videos

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Electrophysiology-based concealed information tests (CIT) detect hidden knowledge by comparing event-related potentials (ERPs) to probes and irrelevants.
  • The distinction between semantic and episodic memory within CIT paradigms, particularly in the autobiographical domain, remains underexplored.
  • The impact of item repetition on brain responses and the discriminability of memory types in CIT requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in ERPs elicited by semantic versus episodic autobiographical memory probes within a CIT.
  • To examine whether repeated item presentations lead to habituation of brain responses in CIT.
  • To determine the theoretical and practical implications of memory type for CIT effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-stimulus concealed information test (CIT) paradigm was employed.
  • Participants were presented with semantic autobiographical probes (e.g., date of birth) and episodic autobiographical probes (recently learned secret date).
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded and analyzed, focusing on components like N2, N400, P3b, and the late positive complex (LPC).

Main Results:

  • Semantic probes elicited a smaller frontal N2 and central N400 compared to episodic probes.
  • Semantic probes resulted in a larger P3b, while episodic probes elicited a larger late positive complex (LPC).
  • Repetition of items affected ERPs but did not diminish the probe-irrelevant difference, indicating sustained discriminability.

Conclusions:

  • The type of memory (semantic vs. episodic) significantly influences ERP components in CIT, differentiating between pre-existing knowledge and recent experiences.
  • Electrophysiological responses can distinguish between semantic and episodic autobiographical memory probes within a CIT framework.
  • Understanding memory types is critical for both theoretical advancements and practical applications in concealed information testing.