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Updated: May 14, 2026

Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Murine Lungs to Analyze Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
07:03

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Published on: May 4, 2017

NET balancing: a problem in inflammatory lung diseases.

Olivia Z Cheng1, Nades Palaniyar

  • 1Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, SickKids Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are crucial for fighting pathogens but can harm the lungs in diseases like asthma and ALI. Balancing NET formation is key to harnessing their benefits while minimizing tissue damage.

Keywords:
acute lung injury (ALI)cystic fibrosis (CF)lung infectionlung inflammationneutrophilneutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)surfactant protein D (SP-D)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are vital antimicrobial structures.
  • However, NETs contribute to lung disease pathology, including in cystic fibrosis (CF), acute lung injury (ALI), and asthma.
  • NETs are implicated in lung infections caused by various pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of NETs in lung health and disease.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of NETosis and NET components.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies for NET-mediated lung conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on NETs in lung diseases.
  • Analysis of NET formation pathways and components.
  • Examination of host factors influencing NETs, such as SP-D.

Main Results:

  • NETs contain DNA, histones, proteases, and enzymes, some of which are immunogenic and damaging.
  • Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) aids in NET clearance, and its deficiency leads to DNA accumulation.
  • Various therapeutic agents like DNases and MPO inhibitors are being investigated.

Conclusions:

  • While NETs offer defense against microbes, excessive NET formation or accumulation causes lung damage.
  • Maintaining a balance in NETosis is crucial for effective host defense with minimal harm.
  • Targeting NETs presents a potential therapeutic avenue for inflammatory lung diseases.