Related Experiment Videos
Effects of pioglitazone and vildagliptin on coagulation cascade in diabetes mellitus--targeting thrombogenesis
Sana Khan1, Saba Khan, Mohammed Imran
1Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Scholar Department of Pharmacology, New Delhi - 110062, India.
Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is intricately allied with an increased risk of atherothrombotic disease. Thrombosis is the cause of mortality in 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Endothelial abnormalities lead to elevated inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers as seen in diabetes. Progression of atherothrombotic disease in diabetes has been linked with elevated levels of various coagulation factors including fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and von Willebrand factor.
Areas Covered:
We review the existing evidence and most recent data elucidating the various inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers that are elevated in T2DM leading to thrombosis as well as the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antithrombotic mechanisms of pioglitazone and vildagliptin in addition to their effect on glucose metabolism that may halt the progression of atherothrombotic disease.
Expert Opinion:
The review highlights the pleiotropic effects of pioglitazone and vildagliptin on metabolic, inflammatory and coagulation processes that have the potential to influence cardiovascular disease progression at various points in the disease process, including hemostatic disturbances, inflammation, plaque rupture and atherogenesis in T2DM. Finally, the paper suggests a possible decline in T2DM-associated cardiovascular comorbidities once the antithrombotic potential of pioglitazone and vildagliptin is established through clinical investigation.
Related Concept Videos
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...