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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts, osteocytes,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Immunoadsorption for connective tissue disease.

B Hohenstein1, S R Bornstein, M Aringer

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. bernd.hohenstein@uniklinikum-dresden.de

Atherosclerosis. Supplements
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoadsorption (IAS) effectively removes pathogenic autoantibodies in connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Further trials are needed to establish IAS

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Immunostimulatory Agent Evaluation: Lymphoid Tissue Extraction and Injection Route-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation

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Area of Science:

  • Connective tissue diseases
  • Autoimmunity
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoantibodies play a key pathogenic role in connective tissue diseases (CTDs) like SLE and systemic sclerosis.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting autoantibodies include rituximab and belimumab.
  • Immunoadsorption (IAS) is an effective method for removing pathogenic autoantibodies in CTDs, offering advantages over plasma exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and clinical utility of immunoadsorption (IAS) in managing connective tissue diseases (CTDs).
  • To assess the role of IAS in patients with refractory disease or those requiring avoidance of aggressive immunosuppression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of case series and controlled trials involving immunoadsorption (IAS) for various CTDs.
  • Analysis of IAS efficacy and specificity compared to therapeutic plasma exchange.

Main Results:

  • IAS has demonstrated superiority over plasma exchange in specificity and efficacy for autoantibody removal.
  • Current clinical application of IAS in CTDs is limited to specific refractory cases or when avoiding immunosuppression is critical.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoadsorption (IAS) is a promising therapeutic option for specific CTD cases.
  • Further prospective randomized trials are essential to fully define the role and optimize the use of IAS in CTDs.