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Related Experiment Videos

Consistent and varied memory/visual search: is there an interaction between age and response-set effects?

A D Fisk1, W A Rogers, L M Giambra

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology.

Journal of Gerontology
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show age-dependent controlled processing effects in visual search tasks, even with reduced response complexity. Performance differences emerged with consistent mapping (CM) practice, indicating age impacts how individuals adapt to new task demands.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Age-related differences in cognitive processing are well-documented.
  • Visual search performance can be influenced by practice and task complexity.
  • Consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) paradigms are used to study learning and automaticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related interactions between stimulus consistency and response-set in a visual search task.
  • To determine if reduced response complexity mitigates age differences in consistent mapping (CM) performance.
  • To examine age-dependent transfer effects following response condition reversals.

Main Methods:

  • Young (mean age 20) and old (mean age 74) adults performed a hybrid memory/visual search task.

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  • Extensive training (2,240 trials) was conducted under consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) conditions.
  • Two response conditions (Yes-only, No-only) were used during training, followed by a response reversal.

    • Main Results:

    • Reaction time differences between age groups emerged only with CM practice, consistent with prior research.
    • Response reversal after training induced age-related transfer effects for both CM and VM search.
    • Transfer data indicated age-dependent controlled processing effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related differences in visual search persist even when response complexity is reduced.
    • Response reversal paradigms highlight age-dependent adaptive processing in visual search.
    • Findings suggest distinct age-related mechanisms in cognitive control and learning.