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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
21:24

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

Basic concepts of epigenetics.

Michal Inbar-Feigenberg1, Sanaa Choufani, Darci T Butcher

  • 1Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Fertility and Sterility
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic marks like DNA methylation and histone modifications are crucial for human development and gene regulation. Errors in these epigenetic patterns can lead to diseases, including imprinting disorders.

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Developmental Biology
  • Human Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are essential for orchestrating gene expression during human development.
  • These marks regulate heritable gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic reprogramming in germ cells and early embryonic development.
  • To examine specific epigenetic regulations like X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting.
  • To understand how genetic and environmental factors influence epigenetic marks and contribute to phenotypic variation and disease.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the mechanisms of epigenetic mark establishment and reprogramming during development.
  • It discusses the roles of X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting as key epigenetic regulatory processes.
  • Analysis of how genetic and environmental factors interact with epigenetic patterns.

Main Results:

  • Genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming occurs in germ cells and embryos to establish correct epigenetic patterns.
  • X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting are critical epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression.
  • Epigenetic marks are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, contributing to phenotypic variation.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is fundamental to normal human development and gene expression control.
  • Aberrant epigenetic patterning is linked to various human disorders, such as subfertility and imprinting disorders.
  • Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is vital for comprehending human health and disease.