Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Airway Risk in Angioedema: Validation of a Clinical Triage Algorithm for ENT Referral.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026

Same author

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical volume and residency training program in pediatric otolaryngology.

BMC medical education·2026

Same author

Diagnostic Performance of ACR TI-RADS and Sonographic Predictors of Malignancy in Pediatric Thyroid Nodules.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2026

Same author

Elective neck irradiation does not improve regional control or survival in pT3-T4N0 oral cavity SCC after high-yield neck dissection: A retrospective multicenter analysis.

Oral oncology·2026

Same author

The prognostic impact of perioperative metabolic variables in head and neck cancer: a prospective study.

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale·2026

Same author

PD-1 inhibitor treatment outcomes for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients over 85: a comparative analysis.

The oncologist·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Insular thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective clinicopathologic study.

Roy Hod¹, Gideon Bachar, Yulia Sternov

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. royhod@gmail.com

American Journal of Otolaryngology

|January 30, 2013

Summary

Insular thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive thyroid cancer. Surgery is the primary treatment, often combined with other therapies, due to its challenging nature and potential for recurrence.

More Related Videos

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Insular thyroid carcinoma is a rare, aggressive epithelial tumor.
It presents between well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
Its high mortality and recurrence rates necessitate further study.

Purpose of the Study:

To review treatment and outcomes for insular thyroid carcinoma.
To describe the experience of a tertiary medical center over seven years.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 17 patients with insular thyroid carcinoma (1992-2009).
Data collected included clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcomes.
Patients were treated at Rabin Medical Center, Israel.

Main Results:

The study included 10 men and 7 women, mean age 63.
Most patients underwent total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation.
Aggressive features like extrathyroidal extension and vascular invasion were common; 4 patients had distant metastases.
11 patients survived, 5 died of disease.

Conclusions:

Insular thyroid carcinoma is aggressive and challenging to manage.
Surgery is the primary treatment.
Multimodality therapy is typically required for effective management.