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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Erosion Identification in Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
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Erosion Identification in Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

Published on: October 6, 2023

A thumb carpometacarpal joint coordinate system based on articular surface geometry.

Eni Halilaj1, Michael J Rainbow, Christopher J Got

  • 1Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new coordinate system for the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint using CT imaging. This method enhances the accuracy of analyzing CMC joint motion and morphology.

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Published on: February 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint's saddle shape complicates kinematic analysis.
  • Computed tomography (CT) imaging offers superior accuracy for in vivo CMC joint kinematics compared to skin-based marker systems.
  • Detailed analysis of joint morphology is crucial for understanding its motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel CMC joint coordinate system.
  • To base this system on computed principal curvature directions of the trapezium and first metacarpal.
  • To provide a robust platform for describing CMC joint kinematics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CT scans from 24 healthy subjects.
  • Segmented bone surface models to create detailed joint morphology.
  • Developed a coordinate system based on principal curvature directions.

Main Results:

  • Sensitivity analysis showed minimal mean orientation (0.7±0.7°) and location (0.2±0.1mm) differences.
  • Inter-subject variability analysis yielded mean orientation (3.1±2.7°) and location (0.9±0.5mm) differences.
  • The new system demonstrated robustness and reduced landmark identification variability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CT-based joint coordinate system accurately captures CMC joint morphology and motion.
  • This method offers improved repeatability and a reliable platform for kinematic studies.
  • Enhances understanding of complex thumb joint biomechanics.