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Electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction: a novel approach for efficient extraction from complicated

Maryam Rezazadeh1, Yadollah Yamini, Shahram Seidi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction (EM-SPME) method effectively extracts drugs like amitriptyline and doxepin from complex samples. This technique offers good detection limits and linearity for pharmaceutical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a widely used technique for sample preparation.
  • Existing SPME methods can be limited by matrix effects and efficiency in complex samples.
  • Development of novel extraction techniques is crucial for sensitive and selective analyte determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction (EM-SPME) technique.
  • To optimize EM-SPME parameters for the extraction of basic analytes, specifically amitriptyline (AMI) and doxepin (DOX).
  • To evaluate the method's performance in various matrices, including pure water, human plasma, and urine.

Main Methods:

  • EM-SPME utilizing a 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) liquid membrane immobilized in a hollow fiber (HF).
  • Analyte migration driven by an electrical field from an aqueous sample (donor phase) through the liquid membrane to an aqueous acceptor phase.
  • Adsorption of analytes onto a carbonaceous cathode followed by analysis.
  • Optimization of organic membrane composition, pH, applied voltage, and extraction time.

Main Results:

  • Optimized conditions involved a 120 V electrical potential applied for 20 min for extracting analytes from 24 mL neutral sample solution.
  • Extraction efficiencies ranged from 3.1-11.5% across different media.
  • Good detection limits (< 5 ng/mL) and linearity (coefficient of determination > 0.9947) were achieved.
  • Intra- and inter-assay precisions were within acceptable ranges (4.0-8.5% and 7.5-12.2%, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • EM-SPME is a promising technique for the efficient extraction and analysis of basic drugs from complex biological and environmental samples.
  • The method provides significant sample cleanup, making it suitable for challenging matrices.
  • The developed EM-SPME method demonstrates good performance characteristics for the quantification of amitriptyline and doxepin.