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Related Concept Videos

Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Travelling Waves01:04

Travelling Waves

A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is water;...
Latitudes and Departures01:27

Latitudes and Departures

Latitudes and departures are essential concepts in surveying, providing a systematic way to analyze the projections of traverse lines. These projections allow surveyors to interpret a line's north-south and east-west components, which are crucial for precisely calculating areas, bearings, and lengths. Latitude is the north-south projection of a line, calculated as the product of the line's length and the cosine of its bearing. Departure, conversely, is the east-west projection obtained by...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

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Updated: May 14, 2026

The Floating Lab: Standard Operational Procedure for Collecting and Filtering Seawater Samples from Operating Ferries for Environmental DNA Analysis
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The Floating Lab: Standard Operational Procedure for Collecting and Filtering Seawater Samples from Operating Ferries for Environmental DNA Analysis

Published on: August 1, 2025

Crossing oceans.

Eve Marder1

  • 1is an eLife senior editor, and is at the Department of Biology and the Volen National Center for Complex Systems , Brandeis University , Waltham , United States marder@brandeis.edu.

Elife
|January 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists benefit from international experience. Living and working abroad enhances scientific perspectives and fosters global collaboration, enriching research and innovation.

Keywords:
careers in sciencegrad schoolliving sciencepostdocs

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • International Scientific Collaboration

Background:

  • Scientific progress often benefits from diverse perspectives.
  • Globalization is increasingly important in research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for international experience for scientists.
  • To highlight the benefits of working and living abroad for scientific development.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of personal experiences.
  • Expert opinion from a leading neuroscientist, Eve Marder.

Main Results:

  • International experience broadens scientific viewpoints.
  • Exposure to different cultures and research environments stimulates creativity.
  • Cross-cultural collaboration can lead to novel scientific insights.

Conclusions:

  • Encouraging scientists to pursue international opportunities is crucial for advancing science.
  • Global scientific engagement fosters innovation and a more comprehensive understanding of complex problems.