Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mitoredox shifts in mitochondrial dysfunction.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same author

Potential of IMNN-001 in epithelial ovarian cancer: assessment of clinical findings.

Expert opinion on investigational drugs·2026
Same author

Safe and durable immune responses to a single dose DNA COVID-19 vaccine in previously vaccinated or SARS-CoV-2-infected adults: A phase 1 study.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "OVATION-2: A randomized phase I/II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of IMNN-001 (IL-12 gene therapy) with neo/adjuvant chemotherapy in patients newly-diagnosed with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer" [Gynecol Oncol 2025 Jun 197 182-191].

Gynecologic oncology·2025
Same author

OVATION-2: A randomized phase I/II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of IMNN-001 (IL-12 gene therapy) with neo/adjuvant chemotherapy in patients newly-diagnosed with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Gynecologic oncology·2025
Same author

Azacitidine and venetoclax with or without pevonedistat in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.

Leukemia & lymphoma·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
07:13

Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer

Published on: March 26, 2014

Targeting the RAS oncogene.

Asami Takashima1, Douglas V Faller

  • 1Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center , 72 E. Concord St. Boston MA, 02118 , USA.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|January 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting Ras proteins in cancer shows promise through downstream pathways and synthetic lethality. Newer approaches aim to improve tumor specificity and overcome limitations of current Ras-related therapies.

More Related Videos

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
07:49

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

Published on: July 17, 2019

In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System
05:45

In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System

Published on: January 9, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
07:13

Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer

Published on: March 26, 2014

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
07:49

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

Published on: July 17, 2019

In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System
05:45

In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System

Published on: January 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Ras proteins (K-Ras, N-Ras, H-Ras) are GTPases regulating cellular activities; mutations lead to uncontrolled proliferation in cancer.
  • Aberrant Ras signaling is a key driver in various tumor types, making it a critical therapeutic target.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review therapeutic strategies targeting the Ras pathway in cancer.
  • To discuss the challenges and potential of current and emerging Ras-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of three therapeutic strategies: targeting Ras directly, Ras downstream pathways, and synthetic lethality.
  • Focus on PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Raf-MEK pathways as common oncogenic drivers in Ras-driven cancers.
  • Evaluation of preclinical studies for novel approaches like RNA interference and synthetic lethality.

Main Results:

  • Targeting Ras downstream signaling is the most common approach.
  • Direct targeting of Ras has faced clinical challenges, but newer preclinical methods show potential.
  • Emerging RNA interference-based and synthetic lethal approaches offer promising clinical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Current and emerging Ras-targeted therapies face challenges in tumor specificity and dependency.
  • Newer therapeutic strategies hold potential to overcome existing limitations.
  • Robust preclinical studies and translational research are crucial for successful clinical development of Ras-related therapies.