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Related Concept Videos

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III01:25

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III

Regular exercise and meditation serve as essential tools in managing stress and promoting physical and mental well-being.
The Role of Exercise in Stress Management
Regular physical activity is essential for reducing stress and promoting cardiovascular health. Exercise strengthens the heart, enhances blood flow, keeps blood vessels flexible, and helps lower blood pressure, all of which reduce the body's stress response. Research shows that adults who exercise regularly have nearly half the risk...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Relaxation breathing improves human glycemic response.

Ted Wilson1, Sarah E Baker, Michelle R Freeman

  • 1Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA. ewilson@winona.edu

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.)
|January 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Relaxation breathing exercises can acutely improve blood sugar levels after eating in healthy individuals. This simple technique may influence how we measure glycemic responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Respiratory Science

Background:

  • Postprandial glucose and insulin levels are critical indicators of metabolic health.
  • Breathing patterns can influence physiological responses, including glucose metabolism.
  • Understanding factors affecting glycemic control is essential for managing metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the acute effects of a relaxation breathing exercise on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic status.
  • To determine if a simple breathing technique can modulate the body's response to a glucose challenge.
  • To investigate the potential role of breathing patterns in glycemic index measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy subjects were randomized into a control breathing (CB) group or a relaxation breathing (RB) group.
  • The RB group practiced a specific breathing exercise every 10 minutes before and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  • Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-OGTT.

Main Results:

  • Relaxation breathing (RB) resulted in significantly lower blood glucose levels at 30 minutes post-OGTT compared to control breathing (CB).
  • While insulin levels increased in both groups, there was a trend towards higher insulin values in the RB group, though not statistically significant.
  • Area under the curve (AUC) for both glucose and insulin did not significantly differ between the CB and RB groups.

Conclusions:

  • Relaxation breathing acutely improves the glycemic response in healthy individuals following a glucose challenge.
  • Breathing patterns may be a significant, yet often overlooked, factor in the interpretation of glycemic index measurements.
  • This study highlights a simple, non-invasive method to potentially enhance metabolic responses.