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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Transverse cervical nerve: implications for dental anesthesia.

K Lin1, D Uzbelger Feldman, M F Barbe

  • 1Department of Endodontology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|January 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accessory innervation from the cervical plexus (CP) via the transverse cervical nerve (TCN) may cause inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) failures in lower molars. This anatomical variation requires consideration for effective dental anesthesia.

Keywords:
Sihler's techniqueaccessory innervationanesthetic failurecervical plexusdental anesthesiainferior alveolar nervesupplementary anesthesiatransverse cervical nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Dental Anesthesiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) exhibits a high failure rate in dental anesthesia.
  • Potential causes include accessory innervations, but the role of the cervical plexus (CP) remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate accessory innervation of the posterior mandible by CP branches, specifically the transverse cervical nerve (TCN).
  • To explore anatomical variations that may explain IANB failures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Sihler's technique on fresh human cadaver specimens.
  • Employed tissue fixation, maceration, decalcification, staining, and clearing for three-dimensional nerve visualization.

Main Results:

  • The TCN, originating from the CP, was observed innervating the posterior mandible in one of the two cadavers.
  • Sihler's technique effectively delineated small nerve structures and foramina.

Conclusions:

  • The CP, through the TCN, can provide accessory innervation to the inferior border of the posterior mandible.
  • This anatomical finding offers a potential explanation for IANB failures and guides supplemental anesthetic strategies.