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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Memory, priority encoding, and overcoming high-value proactive interference in younger and older adults.

Michael C Friedman1, Alan D Castel

  • 1a Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|February 1, 2013
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Summary

Older adults struggle more with updating memory strategies than younger adults when information value changes. Both age groups experience interference, but younger individuals recover better, highlighting age-related differences in memory control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Effective memory requires prioritizing valuable information and ignoring less important details.
  • Understanding how aging impacts the strategic control and updating of memory encoding is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in value-directed remembering, specifically the ability to update memory encoding strategies.
  • To examine how interference affects memory recall and selective recall of high-value items in younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (younger and older adults) studied word lists with assigned point values over multiple study-test cycles.
  • Value-word pairings were switched mid-experiment to assess interference and adaptation.
  • Recall and point totals were measured, alongside selective memory for high-value words.

Main Results:

  • Initially, younger adults recalled more words and achieved higher scores, but selective memory for high-value items was similar across age groups.
  • Switching value-word pairings caused significant interference for both groups.
  • Younger adults demonstrated a greater ability to recover from interference and adapt their memory strategies compared to older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Aging affects the ability to update value-directed memory strategies, leading to persistent interference effects.
  • Findings support a value-directed remembering framework, emphasizing age-related differences in strategic encoding and interference management.