Exploring the gap between hand washing knowledge and practices in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional comparative study

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Hygiene Promotion
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Hand washing is a critical public health intervention in developing nations.
• This study assessed changes in hand washing knowledge and practices within a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program.
• Evaluated hand washing practices over multiple survey periods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare hand washing knowledge and practices over time in program areas.
• To identify trends in hand washing behaviors.
• To understand the effectiveness of hygiene promotion activities.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional comparative study design.
• Baseline (2006), midline (2009), and end-line (2011) surveys conducted.
• Face-to-face interviews with adult female household members in 50 sub-districts.

Main Results:

• A notable gap exists between perceived and actual hand washing practices with soap.
• Hand washing with soap increased from 8% at baseline to 22% at end-line.
• Knowledge and practice were limited before cooking, serving food, and handling babies; socio-economic factors influenced hand washing.

Conclusions:

• A persistent gap between hand washing knowledge and practice remains.
• Sustained, extensive initiatives are necessary to enhance awareness and effectiveness of hand washing.
• Long-term interventions are recommended for lasting public health impact.