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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate...
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...

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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Microgravity effects on ventricular response to heart rate changes.

Juan Bolea1, Enrico G Caiani, Esther Pueyo

  • 1Communications Technology Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. jbolea@lagunaat unizar.es

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|February 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simulated microgravity via head-down bed rest impacts ventricular repolarization (VR) adaptation. This study suggests 5-day bed rest may impair VR dispersion in healthy individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Space Physiology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Ventricular repolarization (VR) is crucial for cardiac electrical stability.
  • Simulated microgravity, achieved through head-down bed rest (HDBR), is a common model to study spaceflight effects.
  • Understanding VR changes during simulated microgravity is vital for astronaut health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of a 5-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) maneuver on ventricular repolarization (VR) in healthy volunteers.
  • To investigate changes in QT to RR and QT(p) to RR hystereses, assessing the final part of repolarization.
  • To characterize these adaptations using M(90) and alpha indices.

Main Methods:

  • A 5-day head-down (-6°) bed rest (HDBR) maneuver was conducted on healthy volunteers.
  • Ventricular repolarization (VR) was assessed using QT to RR and QT(p) to RR hystereses during tilt table tests.
  • Two indices, M(90) (adaptation lag) and alpha (slope of parabolic regression), were computed to characterize hysteresis.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences between QT to RR and QT(p) to RR hystereses were observed before HDBR.
  • Specifically, QT(p) to RR hysteresis was lower, and the alpha index was higher before HDBR.
  • After 5 days of HDBR, these differences diminished, with M(90) and alpha showing similar values for both QT and QT(p) to RR hysteresis.

Conclusions:

  • Head-down bed rest (HDBR) differentially affects the adaptation of QT to RR and QT(p) to RR hysteresis.
  • The findings suggest that HDBR may lead to an impairment in ventricular repolarization dispersion.
  • This has implications for understanding cardiac risks associated with prolonged space missions.