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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Multivariate spectral analysis for identifying the brain activations during olfactory perception.

Eleni Kroupi1, Ashkan Yazdani, Jean-Marc Vesin

  • 1Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|February 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating olfactory perception, this study uses advanced EEG analysis to understand how brain wave patterns change with pleasant or unpleasant odors. This research aims to clarify the complex link between smell, emotion, and brain activity.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
06:35

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Published on: July 24, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Olfactory perception is intricately linked with cognitive and emotional processes.
  • Current electroencephalography (EEG) studies on olfactory perception and brain oscillations lack consistent findings due to simplistic analysis methods.
  • The hedonic dimension of odors and its impact on brain oscillation power remain challenging to investigate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how hedonically different odors influence brain oscillation patterns during olfactory perception.
  • To apply multivariate spectral analysis to EEG signals for identifying key frequency patterns related to olfactory processing.
  • To reduce variability in EEG findings by employing advanced analytical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity.
  • Applying multivariate spectral analysis to EEG signals.
  • Analyzing frequency patterns associated with the perception of odors with varying hedonic values.

Main Results:

  • Multivariate spectral analysis successfully identified specific EEG frequency patterns related to olfactory perception.
  • These identified frequency patterns were demonstrably affected by the hedonic valence of the presented odors.
  • The study revealed distinct cortical patterns corresponding to the processing of pleasant versus unpleasant smells.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate spectral analysis offers a more robust method for studying olfactory psychophysiology compared to traditional techniques.
  • Hedonic perception significantly modulates specific brain oscillation frequencies across the cortex.
  • Further research using advanced EEG analysis can elucidate the complex neural mechanisms underlying olfactory perception and its emotional components.