Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Iranian Consensus on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: An Expert Consensus.

Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran·2026
Same author

Survey situation of mental health of pregnant women with breast cancer: A systematic review study.

Journal of education and health promotion·2025
Same author

Glycemic State in Diabetic Patients during the Post-Stroke Recovery Phase.

Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran·2024
Same author

Experiences of teachers, educators, and school counselors about the sexual and reproductive health of educable intellectually disabled adolescent girls: a qualitative study.

Reproductive health·2022
Same author

Comparison of the efficacy of microneedling versus CO<sub>2</sub> fractional laser to treat striae alba: A randomized clinical trial.

Dermatologic therapy·2021
Same author

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of a Large Iranian Kindred Afflicted with Von Hippel Lindau Disease.

International journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Functioning adrenocortical tumors in children-secretory behavior.

Ali A Ghazi1, Djafar Mofid, Mohamad Taghi Salehian

  • 1Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Research Center, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
|February 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Functioning adrenocortical tumors in children secrete multiple hormones directly from the tumor. Early surgical removal is crucial for treating childhood virilization, Cushing

More Related Videos

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Endocrine Surgery

Background:

  • Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children, with over 95% being functional.
  • These tumors often manifest with symptoms like virilization, Cushing's syndrome, hypertension, or hyperestrogenism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings of functioning adrenocortical tumors in children.
  • To investigate the secretory behavior of these rare pediatric neoplasms.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of seven Iranian children (2-16 years) with functioning adrenocortical tumors.
  • Surgical tumor removal followed by hormonal evaluation of adrenal vein blood samples.

Main Results:

  • Tumors secreted dominant hormones (testosterone or cortisol) and other significant steroid hormones directly.
  • Adrenal vein analysis confirmed direct release of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, 17(OH) progesterone, and cortisol.
  • Tumor weights ranged from 36-103 grams, with no relapses observed during 5-20 years of follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Functioning adrenocortical tumors must be considered in pediatric patients with hyperandrogenism, Cushing's syndrome, or hyperestrogenism.
  • Prompt surgical excision is essential to mitigate adverse effects of hormonal excess.
  • Hormone secretion is primarily direct from the tumor, with minimal peripheral conversion contributing to serum levels.