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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
09:39

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 18, 2010

Lingual frenulum protocol.

Irene Queiroz Marchesan1

  • 1Irene@cefac.br

The International Journal of Orofacial Myology : Official Publication of the International Association of Orofacial Myology
|February 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new lingual frenulum protocol with scores was developed and validated. This tool efficiently diagnoses altered lingual frenulum in children and adults based on objective scoring.

Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

  • The lingual frenulum's evaluation has evolved, necessitating updated diagnostic tools.
  • Previous lingual frenulum assessment methods lacked standardized scoring.
  • Orofacial myology requires precise instruments for evaluating tongue-tie (ankyloglossia).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel, efficient lingual frenulum protocol incorporating a scoring system.
  • To establish objective criteria for diagnosing normal versus altered lingual frenulum.
  • To assess the protocol's utility in identifying functional impairments caused by lingual frenulum alterations.

Main Methods:

  • A new protocol was developed based on existing evaluations and expert input from ten speech-language pathologists.

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Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae
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Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae

Published on: June 8, 2015

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Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
09:39

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 18, 2010

Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae
10:50

Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae

Published on: June 8, 2015

  • The protocol underwent iterative refinement, including the addition of a scoring system for observed alterations.
  • The final protocol was administered to 239 subjects (160 children, 79 adults) over two years by trained professionals.

    • Main Results:

    • The refined protocol demonstrated efficiency in diagnosing lingual frenulum status.
    • Specific score thresholds were identified: a sum of general tests ≥3 suggests alteration, and a sum of functional tests ≥25 indicates potential oral function interference.
    • The protocol successfully differentiated between normal and altered lingual frenulum in the study population.

    Conclusions:

    • The newly developed lingual frenulum protocol with scores is an effective diagnostic tool.
    • This protocol provides objective measures for identifying ankyloglossia and its functional impact.
    • The scoring system enhances diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making in orofacial myology.