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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Stress01:18

Shearing Stress

Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's first...
Singularity Functions for Shear01:26

Singularity Functions for Shear

In structural analysis, singularity functions are crucial in simplifying the representation of shear forces in beams under discontinuous loading. These functions describe discontinuous variations in shear force across a beam with varying loads by using a single mathematical expression, regardless of the complexity of the loading conditions. The singularity functions are derived from creating a free-body diagram of the beam and then making conceptual cuts at specific points to examine the shear...
Normal and Shear Force01:14

Normal and Shear Force

When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
Shear Diagram01:27

Shear Diagram

In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Introducing an Angle Adjustable Cutting Box for Analyzing Slice Shear Force in Meat
09:30

Introducing an Angle Adjustable Cutting Box for Analyzing Slice Shear Force in Meat

Published on: April 26, 2013

Slicing softly with shear.

E Reyssat1, T Tallinen, M Le Merrer

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Slicing soft solids like gels is easier with a combined normal and shearing motion than with just normal force. This is because slicing causes less deformation, requiring less force to initiate fracture.

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Slice It Hot: Acute Adult Brain Slicing in Physiological Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Mechanics of Materials

Background:

  • Soft solids deform significantly under stress, unlike hard solids.
  • Understanding fracture mechanics in soft materials is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanics of slicing and dicing soft solids.
  • To explain why combined normal and shearing deformations are more effective for cutting soft solids.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of slicing and dicing a soft agar gel using a wire.
  • Theoretical modeling of cutting highly deformable solids.
  • Numerical simulations to complement experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Purely normal deformations lead to extensive sample deformation and require deep penetration to fracture.
  • Slicing motions initiate fracture with minimal bulk deformation, significantly lowering the energy barrier.
  • A transition from global to local deformation occurs with changes in shear angle.

Conclusions:

  • The angle of shear critically influences deformation modes in soft solids, impacting cutting efficiency.
  • This study elucidates the mechanics behind paper cuts and informs the design of cutting tools like guillotine blades.