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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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High-magnetic-field lattice length changes in URu2Si2.

V F Correa1, S Francoual, M Jaime

  • 1Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA, and Instituto Balseiro, UN Cuyo, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.

Physical Review Letters
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

High magnetic fields reveal the hidden order phase in URu2Si2 crystals becomes discontinuous. A reentrant ordered phase III emerges at high fields, indicating a quantum critical endpoint.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • URu2Si2 exhibits a mysterious
  • hidden order
  • phase below 17.5 K.
  • Understanding this phase and its transitions is crucial for quantum materials research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the behavior of URu2Si2 under high magnetic fields.
  • Characterize the hidden order phase and identify other magnetic phases.
  • Explore the relationship between magnetic transitions and quantum criticality.

Main Methods:

  • High-magnetic-field (up to 45 T) ĉ-axis thermal-expansion measurements.
  • High-magnetic-field (up to 45 T) magnetostriction experiments.
  • Analysis of sample length changes as a function of temperature and magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • The hidden order transition becomes increasingly discontinuous with increasing magnetic field above 25 T.
  • A reentrant ordered phase III is observed above 36 T in both thermal expansion and magnetostriction.
  • Discontinuous changes in sample length mark the boundaries of phase III.
  • A sign change in thermal expansion coefficient at the metamagnetic transition (B(M) ~ 38 T) suggests proximity to a quantum critical endpoint.

Conclusions:

  • High magnetic fields significantly alter the hidden order phase in URu2Si2.
  • The emergence of phase III and associated discontinuities provide insights into the complex phase diagram.
  • The observed phenomena are consistent with the presence of a quantum critical endpoint.