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Femtosecond x-ray pulse characterization in free-electron lasers using a cross-correlation technique.

Y Ding1, F-J Decker, P Emma

  • 1SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

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We measured ultrashort X-ray pulses (3 fs) and their separation at the Linac Coherent Light Source. This new technique is vital for advanced X-ray pump-probe experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of ultrashort X-ray pulse duration is critical for time-resolved experiments.
  • Existing methods for temporal diagnostics of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first measurements of X-ray single-pulse duration and two-pulse separation at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS).
  • To introduce a novel cross-correlation technique for precise temporal diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cross-correlation technique employing both X-rays and electrons.
  • Implemented an emittance-spoiling foil to effectively control the output X-ray pulse characteristics.
  • Measured pulse duration and controllable pulse separation (delay) between two pulses.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a minimum X-ray pulse duration of approximately 3 femtoseconds (fs) full width at half maximum (FWHM).
  • Demonstrated controllable pulse separation between two X-ray pulses.
  • Validated the effectiveness of the emittance-spoiling foil for pulse control.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cross-correlation technique provides critical temporal diagnostics for X-ray experiments.
  • This method is essential for advancing studies such as X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy.
  • Enables precise control and measurement of ultrashort X-ray pulses at facilities like LCLS.