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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells
05:56

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Published on: October 4, 2024

IDO⁺ DCs and signalling pathways.

Yue Wang1, Bao-Hong Yang, Hui Li

  • 1Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University cancer institute and hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China.

Current Cancer Drug Targets
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate immune tolerance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-expressing DCs (IDO+ DCs) suppress tumors, but how IDO is dysregulated in these cells remains unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) were traditionally seen as immune activators.
  • DCs are now recognized as crucial regulators of immunological tolerance.
  • Certain DCs can suppress T-cell responses based on specific signaling and biochemical cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-expressing DCs (IDO+ DCs) in cancer.
  • To discuss signals that regulate IDO expression in tolerogenic DCs.
  • To highlight the lack of understanding regarding IDO dysregulation in these cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on DCs and IDO.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways influencing DC function.
  • Examination of biochemical conditions affecting tolerogenic states.

Main Results:

  • IDO+ DCs are key in establishing a tumor-suppressing environment.
  • IDO expression is a primary mechanism for inducing a tolerogenic state in DCs.
  • Mechanisms of IDO dysregulation in IDO+ DCs are not yet fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • IDO+ DCs play a critical role in cancer immune tolerance.
  • Understanding IDO regulation in DCs is vital for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to uncover the mechanisms of IDO dysregulation in tolerogenic DCs.