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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Murine Model of Hyperlipidemia-Induced Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
03:42

A Murine Model of Hyperlipidemia-Induced Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: March 29, 2024

Obesity and heart failure.

Giovanni De Pergola1, Adele Nardecchia, Vito Angelo Giagulli

  • 1Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. gdepergola@libero.it

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is a risk factor for heart failure (HF). While obesity causes early heart dysfunction, overweight patients with HF may have a better prognosis, a phenomenon known as the "obesity paradox".

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A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies identify obesity and abdominal obesity as independent risk factors for heart failure (HF).
  • Obesity-induced cardiac oxidative stress, stemming from insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, initiates heart dysfunction.
  • Early microscopic changes include myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking obesity to heart failure development.
  • To describe the macroscopic and functional alterations in obese individuals with developing heart failure.
  • To explore the implications of the 'obesity paradox' in heart failure prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of cardiac oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and mitochondrial function.
  • Examination of left ventricular (LV) structural and functional changes, including hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Obesity leads to cardiac oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired metabolism, causing myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis.
  • Macroscopic alterations include changes in LV size, wall thickness, and diastolic dysfunction, associated with pericardial fat.
  • Established heart failure in obese patients shows a better prognosis (obesity paradox) linked to lower protein degradation and higher fitness.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for heart failure through multiple metabolic and structural pathways.
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are key early changes in obesity-related heart failure.
  • The obesity paradox suggests improved outcomes in HF patients with higher BMI, warranting further investigation into underlying mechanisms.