Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reprint of 'Development, maturation and learning influence on handwriting kinematics'.

Human movement science·2013
Same author

Acute and chronic high-frequency properties of cardiac pacing and defibrillation leads.

Medical & biological engineering & computing·2012
Same author

Acute animal and human study of tensiometric pacing lead sensor based on triboelectricity.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2011
Same journal

Dissociating variability from error-based processes in observational learning.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Associations between movement behaviors, sleep, and screen time exposure in middle childhood using multivariable modelling.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

The interaction of biomechanical demands and the speed-accuracy trade-off for the control of multi-directional, three-dimensional targeted reaching movements.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Think positive, perform better: The detrimental effect of technical motor imagery before action.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Shoulder-elbow coordination in the transverse plane during badminton forehand drive depending on training status using vector coding analysis.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Delayed reaction time and altered spatial activation of Fibularis longus in chronic ankle instability: A high-density surface electromyography study.

Human movement science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Development, maturation and learning influence on handwriting kinematics.

Agostino P Accardo1, Mariangela Genna, Michela Borean

  • 1Department of Industrial Engineering & Information Technology, University of Trieste, Via Valerio, 10 I34100 Trieste, Italy. accardo@units.it

Human Movement Science
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes normative handwriting data for Italian students using digital tablets. Kinematic analysis reveals developmental changes in writing speed and automation across school grades.

More Related Videos

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
05:58

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
05:58

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Handwriting involves complex interactions of linguistic, psychomotor, and biomechanical factors.
  • Digital tablets offer real-time kinematic analysis of handwriting, measuring parameters like speed and duration.
  • Normative data for typical handwriting development is lacking, particularly in Italy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative kinematic data for handwriting in Italian students.
  • To analyze developmental changes in handwriting parameters from 2nd to 8th grade.
  • To provide reference values for evaluating handwriting samples.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 218 right-handed, native Italian-speaking students (2nd-8th grade).
  • Data collection using digital tablets during specific handwriting tasks (speed tests, sentence transcription).
  • Kinematic analysis of components and strokes, measuring parameters like velocity and number of strokes per letter.

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in horizontal, curvilinear mean, and peak velocities of components and strokes were observed across grades.
  • Higher velocities were noted in later school years, indicating improved automation.
  • A decrease in strokes per letter correlated with increased automation.

Conclusions:

  • Kinematic handwriting parameters show developmental progression throughout schooling.
  • Established normative data can serve as a reference for developmental and learning assessments.
  • The findings highlight the utility of digital tablet analysis for understanding handwriting development.