Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A method for estimating radiation interaction coefficients for tissues from single energy CT.

Physics in medicine and biology·2014

Same author

Capture and analysis of radiation dose reports for radiology.

Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine·2014

Same author

Estimating photon interaction coefficients from single energy x-ray CT.

Physics in medicine and biology·2012

Same author

Assessment of patient dose and image quality for cardiac CT with breast shields.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012

Same author

Feasibility study for a novel method of dual energy x-ray analysis.

Physics in medicine and biology·2011

Same author

A model for multi-energy x-ray analysis.

Physics in medicine and biology·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Published on: March 11, 2017

Feasibility study for DEXA using synchrotron CT at 20-35 keV.

¹School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3080, Australia. stewart.midgley@mh.org.au

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|February 2, 2013

Summary

This study introduces a nonlinear model for dual-energy x-ray analysis (DEXA) to accurately determine electron density and composition. The method achieves high accuracy for soft tissue and bone-like samples, advancing material characterization.

More Related Videos

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Published on: April 13, 2016

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Published on: March 11, 2017

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Published on: April 13, 2016

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Materials Science
X-ray Imaging

Background:

Dual-energy x-ray analysis (DEXA) is crucial for material composition determination.
Accurate modeling of x-ray linear attenuation coefficient (μ) is essential for DEXA.
Existing models may have limitations in handling complex sample compositions and noise.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a nonlinear model for DEXA to precisely determine electron density N(e) and a compositional ratio R(4).
To assess the accuracy and identify error sources in the proposed DEXA model.
To optimize energy separation for improved compositional analysis.

Main Methods:

Employed a nonlinear model for the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient (μ).
Utilized computed tomography (CT) data acquired with synchrotron radiation (20-35 keV).
Solved nonlinear and linear simultaneous equations for material parameters using test samples (ethanol, water, salt solutions).

Main Results:

Achieved μ uncertainties of 1-2% despite identified noise sources.
Detected forward scattered radiation, causing a 6% lower μ in fan beam geometry.
Demonstrated DEXA accuracy with mean differences of (1.0%, 0.5%) for soft tissue and (1.5%, 0.8%) for bone-like samples.

Conclusions:

The nonlinear DEXA model provides accurate electron density and compositional ratio determination.
Error propagation analysis highlights the need for >10 keV energy separation for improved accuracy.
The validated model advances quantitative material analysis using dual-energy x-ray techniques.