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Related Concept Videos

Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
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Task-oriented kindergarten behavior pays off in later childhood.

Caroline Fitzpatrick1, Linda S Pagani

  • 1le Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal and le Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Scolaire, Montréal, Canada. caroline.fitzpatrick@umontreal.ca

Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP
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PubMed
Summary

Early classroom engagement skills in kindergarten predict better academic success and fewer behavioral issues later in childhood. These skills, reflecting self-regulation and focus, are key components of school readiness.

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Area of Science:

  • Child development
  • Educational psychology
  • Developmental neuroscience

Background:

  • Traditional measures of school readiness often overlook crucial child-learning skills.
  • Early classroom engagement, encompassing self-regulation and task focus, is a novel dimension of school readiness.
  • Understanding the long-term impact of these skills is vital for educational interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prospective associations between early classroom engagement skills and later academic adjustment in emerging adolescence.
  • To investigate if self-regulation and on-task behaviors in kindergarten predict academic achievement and social-behavioral outcomes at age 10.
  • To highlight the importance of easily measurable, context-based assessments for school readiness.

Main Methods:

  • Kindergarten teachers rated the classroom engagement skills of 960 children from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development.
  • Academic achievement was assessed directly at 10 years old, focusing on mathematics.
  • Teacher ratings at fourth grade captured academic success, teacher-child conflict, inattention, peer victimization, aggression, and antisocial behavior.

Main Results:

  • Kindergarten classroom engagement skills were significantly associated with better fourth-grade math test scores and overall academic success.
  • Early engagement skills predicted reduced teacher-child conflict, inattention, peer victimization, and aggressive behaviors in fourth grade.
  • These findings underscore the predictive validity of early engagement for long-term academic and social-behavioral adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Easily measurable, context-based assessments of task orientation and focus are robust components of children's readiness to learn.
  • Early classroom engagement is a critical predictor of later academic and behavioral outcomes.
  • These findings support the integration of engagement skills assessment into early childhood education and readiness evaluations.