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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Ferritinophagy: Assessing the Selective Degradation of Iron by Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts
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Ferritinophagy: Assessing the Selective Degradation of Iron by Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts

Published on: February 23, 2024

Extreme hyperferritinaemia; clinical causes.

Martin A Crook1, Patrick L C Walker

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK. m.crook@nhs.net

Journal of Clinical Pathology
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extreme hyperferritinaemia, a rare condition with serum ferritin over 10,000 ug/l, is often linked to blood transfusions, cancers, and liver issues. Further research is needed to clarify the causes of this uncommon finding.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Elevated serum ferritin concentrations have diverse causes, including iron overload, inflammation, and liver disease.
  • Extreme hyperferritinaemia (serum ferritin ≥ 10,000 ug/l) is increasingly reported, but its underlying etiology remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary causes of extreme hyperferritinaemia.
  • To determine the prevalence of extreme hyperferritinaemia in laboratory requests.

Main Methods:

  • An audit study was conducted.
  • Serum ferritin concentration data from laboratory requests were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Extreme hyperferritinaemia was identified in 0.08% of ferritin requests, indicating its rarity.
  • Key identified causes included multiple blood transfusions, malignant diseases, hepatic diseases, and suspected Still's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Extreme hyperferritinaemia is an uncommon finding in routine laboratory practice.
  • Multiple blood transfusions, malignancy, liver disease, and Still's disease are significant contributors to extreme hyperferritinaemia.