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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Updated: May 14, 2026

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Morphea simulating paucibacillary leprosy clinically and histopathologically.

José Saulo Torres Delgado¹, Marília Lopes Cavalcanti, Bernard Kawa Kac

¹Department of Dermatology, Mário Kröeff Hospital, Associação Pele Saudável, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

Indian Journal of Dermatology

|February 2, 2013

Summary

Paucibacillary leprosy and early morphea can appear similar clinically and histopathologically. This case highlights a patient initially diagnosed with leprosy who was later confirmed to have morphea after further examination.

Keywords:

Morphea paucibacillary leprosy perineurovascular lymphocytic infiltrate

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Published on: March 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Pathology
Rheumatology

Background:

Paucibacillary leprosy and morphea share overlapping clinical and histopathological features.
Distinguishing between these conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Early morphea can present with plaque-like lesions and altered sensitivity, mimicking leprosy.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of a patient initially diagnosed with paucibacillary leprosy.
To illustrate the diagnostic challenges when clinical and histopathological findings are similar.
To emphasize the importance of reassessment and further investigation in ambiguous dermatological cases.

Main Methods:

A 24-year-old male presented with a diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy.
Initial histopathological examination revealed perineurovascular lymphocytic infiltrate.
Physical examination identified new plaque lesions suggestive of morphea with altered sensitivity.
A second biopsy was performed for further histopathological analysis.

Main Results:

The initial diagnosis was paucibacillary leprosy, supported by histopathology.
Subsequent clinical examination revealed lesions characteristic of morphea.
The second biopsy demonstrated sclerotic changes in the superficial dermis and thickened collagen bundles in the deep dermis.
Linear arrays of lymphocytic infiltrate between collagen bundles confirmed morphea.

Conclusions:

This case underscores the diagnostic difficulty between paucibacillary leprosy and morphea.
Histopathological findings can be similar in the early stages of both conditions.
Morphea should be considered in the differential diagnosis of leprosy, especially with evolving plaque lesions and sensory changes.