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Updated: May 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Obstructive sleep apnea due to extrathoracic tracheomalacia
Hiren Muzumdar1, K Nandalike, J Bent
1Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. hmuzumda@montefiore.org
Abstract:
We report obstructive sleep apnea in a 3-year-old boy with tracheomalacia secondary to tracheotomy that resolved after placement of a metallic stent in the region of tracheomalacia. The tracheal location of obstruction during sleep in this case contrasts with the usual location in the pharynx or, less often, the larynx. This case also demonstrates the utility of polysomnography in managing decannulation of tracheostomies.
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