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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Metabolic inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase increases dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity in melanoma.

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Alpha-synuclein knockout impairs melanoma development and alters DNA damage repair in the TG3 mouse model in a sex-dependent manner.

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Erratum: U1 Adaptor Oligonucleotides Targeting <i>BCL2</i> and <i>GRM1</i> Suppress Growth of Human Melanoma Xenografts <i>In Vivo</i>.

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Alpha-synuclein knockout impairs melanoma development and alters DNA damage repair in the TG3 mouse model in a sex-dependent manner.

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An In Vivo Study of LNS8801, a GPER Agonist, in a Spontaneous Melanoma-Prone Mouse Model, TGS.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

Genetics of melanoma.

Janet Wangari-Talbot1, Suzie Chen

  • 1Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Genomic variations drive cancer, including melanoma, prompting research into genetic predispositions and drug responses. Understanding melanoma

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Genomic variation is a key factor in human diseases, particularly cancer.
  • Melanoma incidence is rising globally, necessitating a deeper understanding of its underlying signaling pathways.
  • Key pathways like MAPK and PI3K/AKT regulate critical cellular processes often disrupted in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of genomic variations in melanoma development and progression.
  • To identify novel genes and pathways involved in melanomagenesis.
  • To explore the impact of genetic factors on melanoma drug response and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze melanoma genomes and exomes.
  • Identification and characterization of novel candidate genes (e.g., GRIN2A, PREX2).
Keywords:
BRAFGRM3MAPKPI3K/AKTPREX2RAC1melanoma

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  • Analysis of mutational signatures in melanoma tumors to understand etiological factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of previously unknown genes like GRIN2A and PREX2 implicated in melanoma.
    • Confirmation of UV exposure as a major cause of melanoma through distinct mutational signatures (e.g., C to T transitions).
    • Some identified genes show therapeutic potential as druggable targets or biomarkers.

    Conclusions:

    • Genomic insights are crucial for understanding melanoma pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies.
    • Personalized melanoma treatment based on individual mutational signatures is the future direction.
    • Continued research and awareness are vital for combating melanoma, emphasizing risk reduction and cure development.