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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Aging

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is critical for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models

Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models

Published on: March 24, 2019

[Role of epigenetic modification in higher brain dysfunction and aging].

Daigo Ikegami¹, Minoru Narita

¹Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan. d-ikegami@hoshi.ac.jp

Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Psychopharmacology

|February 5, 2013

Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms, involving chromatin structure changes, regulate gene expression and influence chronic disorders, aging, and addiction. These processes integrate environmental stimuli for lasting gene expression and behavioral alterations.

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Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Neuroscience

Context:

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, alter gene expression.
These mechanisms are crucial for heritable changes in chromatin structure during cell division and development.
Emerging evidence links epigenetic regulation to acquired chronic disorders.

Purpose:

To review current research on epigenetic mechanisms.
To explore transcriptional regulation in aging, enriched environments, and drug addiction.
To highlight the role of epigenetics in integrating environmental stimuli.

Summary:

Epigenetics involves heritable changes in chromatin structure that control gene expression.
Similar mechanisms are implicated in cellular memory formation, stress, aging, and addiction.
This review focuses on advanced transcriptional mechanisms in aging, environmental enrichment, and drug addiction.

Impact:

Epigenetic processes provide a molecular basis for understanding complex chronic disorders.
Insights into epigenetic regulation can inform therapeutic strategies for aging and addiction.
Understanding epigenetics bridges environmental influences with long-lasting gene expression and behavioral outcomes.