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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Anxiety and memory test performance.

Murry G Mutchnick1, J Michael Williams

  • 1Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA.

Applied Neuropsychology. Adult
|February 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that pre-surgery anxiety in patients did not impact memory test performance. Anxiety levels and memory scores were unrelated, suggesting anxiety does not compromise neuropsychological assessments in this context.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Medical Psychology

Background:

  • Extra-test anxiety can potentially compromise the validity of attention and memory scores in neuropsychological assessments.
  • Patients undergoing surgery often experience pre-operative anxiety, making them a suitable model for studying extra-test anxiety.
  • Understanding the relationship between anxiety and cognitive performance is crucial for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between pre-operative anxiety and memory test performance in surgical patients.
  • To investigate whether an impulsive cognitive style mediates the effect of anxiety on test performance.
  • To determine if anxiety influences the validity of neuropsychological assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (N=47) and back surgery (N=24).
  • Anxiety levels were assessed using self-report and experimenter ratings.
  • Memory performance was measured using the Memory Assessment Scales and self-report, with assessments conducted pre- and post-surgery.
  • Cognitive style was evaluated using the Matching Familiar Figures Test.

Main Results:

  • Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed no significant change in state anxiety during the testing interval.
  • Significant differences in anxiety levels were found between the two surgical groups, with younger patients reporting higher anxiety.
  • Intercorrelations indicated that anxiety and memory scores were essentially unrelated.
  • The study found no evidence that pre-operative anxiety influenced memory test performance.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-operative anxiety in surgical patients does not appear to significantly affect memory test performance.
  • Anxiety and memory performance are not significantly related in this patient population.
  • Neuropsychological assessments of memory may be valid even in the presence of moderate pre-operative anxiety.