Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

The Hall Effect

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Non-Noble Metal Based High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles via Supersonic-Nozzle-Assisted Thermal Plasma Jet.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

Asymmetric Safety Corridors for Free-Hand S2-Alar-Iliac Screw Placement: Quantifying Direction-Specific Tolerance Around Patient-Specific Optimal Trajectories.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Identification and Enhancement of Kink Soliton Motions in a van der Waals Layer.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

Comparable Fusion Response, but Increased Inflammatory Response, with <i>Escherichia coli</i>-Derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Radiographic Clarity of the External Auditory Meatus as a Cranial Reference Point in Spinal Deformity Patients: A Pilot Interobserver Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Screening and Predictive Value of Thoracic Ossification Observed on Lateral Radiography for Myelopathy.

Yonsei medical journal·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Visualizing atomic-scale negative differential resistance in bilayer graphene.

Keun Su Kim¹, Tae-Hwan Kim, Andrew L Walter

¹Advanced Light Source, E O Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|February 5, 2013

Summary

We observed negative differential resistance (NDR) in bilayer graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy. This quantum tunneling behavior, influenced by electric fields and defects, is key for future graphene devices.

More Related Videos

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Published on: September 21, 2020

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Published on: September 21, 2020

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Bilayer graphene exhibits unique electronic properties.
Understanding quantum tunneling is crucial for electronic device development.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate atomic-scale tunneling characteristics of bilayer graphene on silicon carbide.
Explain the origin of observed negative differential resistance (NDR).

Main Methods:

Utilized scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for high-resolution tunneling spectroscopy.
Analyzed the electronic spectrum under a transverse electric field.

Main Results:

Discovered unexpected negative differential resistance (NDR) at the Dirac energy.
NDR spatially varies within the unit cell and originates from van Hove singularities.
Electron interference with defects significantly impacts NDR.

Conclusions:

Provided an atomic-level understanding of quantum tunneling in bilayer graphene.
Results are a significant step towards developing graphene-based tunneling devices.